By Dr. Reiner Zitelmann, Guest Contributor
Few people realize how much our lives already depend on space-based infrastructure. To illustrate this, consider the following thought experiment: if all satellites were to fail, navigation via smartphones and in vehicles would become impossible, weather forecasts would become unavailable, and airports would descend into chaos without GPS-based time and location data. Traffic signals would be desynchronized, leading to chaos on the roads, while supply chains would disintegrate as warehouse logistics and route planning rely on satellite technology.
Even financial transactions would grind to a halt, as precise time signals via satellites are vital for synchronizing debits and credits. For instance, trading on the New York Stock Exchange depends on time stamps accurate to billionths of a second, distributed via GPS; without these signals, automated trading systems could fail. The power grid in many regions also depends on precisely timed GPS control systems and any failure would result in frequency deviations and instability. Telecommunications would also be severely impacted, with mobile phone masts relying on satellite coordination; a failure in this system would result in the collapse of many network services within minutes.
Satellites also play an essential role in modern agriculture, providing vital support for autonomous agricultural machinery through precise positioning data, and in times of drought, GPS-supported, precision agriculture enables efficient water distribution. In remote areas such as parts of Alaska, satellite-based communication is indispensable, serving as the primary connection to the outside world. Satellite internet in these areas allows access to education, telemedicine, and digital infrastructure. Public transportation systems also rely heavily on satellites: buses and trains send position data to apps that commuters rely on for real-time information. A disruption in satellite services would paralyze entire passenger information systems.
Similarly, parcel and delivery services, including major companies like DHL and UPS, depend on satellite navigation to optimize their routes. Any failure in this system could result in increased delays and incorrect deliveries. Many of these processes can no longer be executed manually because they rely on machine precision. A breakdown of the satellite infrastructure would cripple countless systems, from ATMs to power load management in substations.
However, the importance of satellites extends far beyond navigation services. Communications satellites are important for mobile networks, television, and high-speed broadband internet, particularly in areas lacking terrestrial infrastructure. Without satellites, there would be no global network for internet, telephony, and media transmission.
Weather forecasting is almost inconceivable without satellites. Earth observation satellites provide continuous data on cloud formation, temperature trends, and humidity, which are essential for accurate weather forecasts, disaster management, and early warning systems. In the case of natural disasters such as hurricanes, droughts, or floods, geostationary satellites enable early warnings, speeding up evacuations and rescue operations – and thus demonstrably saving lives.
Of the 15,000 active satellites in orbit today, the majority belong to private, profit-oriented companies – with more than 10.000 in SpaceX’s Starlink constellation alone. Starlink now has more than six million customers across 140 countries. The company even recently outlined plans to compete with GPS in the near future by providing positioning, navigation, and timing services.
In rural and remote regions, such as parts of Indonesia, Africa, South America, and Oceania, Starlink is often the only broadband option. Any disruption in service could significantly impact education, telemedicine, and e-commerce. In Ukraine, Starlink has been providing critical communications infrastructure for civilians and the military since 2022, playing a key role in the country’s defense efforts. This is particularly important as terrestrial communications networks have been targeted by Russian forces, who have also used electronic jamming to disrupt Ukrainian coordination and reconnaissance efforts.
Starlink has also demonstrated its value in disaster response, offering reliable communications for rescue teams during critical incidents such as the 2019/20 Australian wildfires and Hurricane Melissa in Jamaica and the Bahamas in October 2025 – where terrestrial networks failed. It has become common practice for Elon Musk to extend Starlink services to threatened regions in the event of natural disasters.
Space technology has also permeated everyday life, as evidenced by the development of a new form of high-precision GPS navigation system. Developed by the U.S. start-up Locus Lock in collaboration with modern satellite companies like Xona Space Systems, this technology enables position data accuracy to within a few centimeters – even in places where conventional GPS systems fail. This innovation has far-reaching, everyday implications, particularly in the realm of autonomous vehicles, delivery robots, and drones. In urban environments with narrow streets and tall buildings, known as “urban canyons,” GPS signals are often unreliable due to reflection or obstruction. The technology from Locus Lock combines satellite data with other sensors, including motion detectors, allowing for precise navigation even when traditional receivers fail. This is achieved through sophisticated software that runs on inexpensive, software-defined receivers – in other words, it no longer needs expensive and specialized hardware previously used in military and aviation applications.
For farmers, the precision offered by this GPS technology allows tasks such as field cultivation, fertilizer application, and planting to be carried out with centimeter-level accuracy, all without the need for human drivers – saving resources and increasing efficiency. In the construction industry, machines can be precisely steered to place excavations or foundations. And emergency services and fire departments benefit from reliable location data, even in situations where satellite reception is disrupted, such as during power outages or in tunnels.
Rainer Zitelmann is the author of the book “New Space Capitalism”