This study offers a compelling reframing of human gesturing, shifting focus from representational movements to the often-overlooked role of interactive gestures. The strongest version of this narrative is its evidence-based challenge to binary explanations—gestures are neither purely deliberate communicative tools nor unconscious byproducts of thought. Instead, they appear to operate at a subconscious level, shaped by social pressures, emotional complexity, and the need for interactional coheren...