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Plasma proteomic signature of the human menstrual cycle

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Abstract The menstrual cycle is one of the most fundamental biological rhythms in human physiology, yet its systemic molecular changes remain poorly understood. Here we show that the menstrual cycle is accompanied by widespread changes in the circulating proteome. By profiling nearly 3,000 plasma proteins in 2,760 women from the UK Biobank, we identified 198 proteins that vary across the cycle, fo...
This study presents a compelling systems-level map of menstrual cycle biology, leveraging large-scale plasma proteomics to identify phase-specific protein dynamics. The strongest version of this narrative highlights its rigorous methodology—profiling nearly 3,000 proteins in thousands of women—and its novel findings, such as the proteomic score that outperforms estradiol in predicting cycle phase. The integration of tissue and cell-type data lends biological credibility, while Mendelian randomiz...